In materials science and mechanical engineering, it’s crucial to understand how materials behave under stress. Every structure, machine part, or mechanical component in engineering experiences varying degrees of stress during its service life. Some materials bend before breaking, while others break suddenly without any warning. This difference in behavior is explained by a property called … Read more
When people first hear the terms toughness and hardness, they often assume they mean the same thing. Both describe how strong a material is. Both relate to how a material reacts under force. And both are commonly discussed in mechanical engineering, material science, manufacturing, and structural design. But here’s the truth, toughness and hardness are … Read more
Toughness is the ability of a material to absorb energy and bend or stretch without breaking. It tells how strong and safe a material is when it faces sudden force or pressure. A tough material doesn’t crack easily it can take shocks and impacts and still hold together. For example, rubber and steel are tough … Read more
Hardness is a mechanical property that describes how much a material resists deformation, compression, scratching, or wear against an external force. Hardness is considered a basic and important property in engineering and materials science, because it directly indicates how durable and reliable a material is. The industrial use of a material is determined by its … Read more
When a solid object (such as an iron rod or a metal plate) is gradually subjected to force, it either stretches or deforms slightly. The amount of this strain or deformation depends on the amount of force applied. The graph that explains this entire behavior is called Stress and Strain Curve. This curve fully reflects … Read more
Modern engineering often requires materials that can withstand extreme temperatures, friction, and chemical attack. Ordinary metals or polymers are unable to function in such environments, they would either melt or break down. The solution to this problem is Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMC). These composites are made in such a way that they contain ceramic material … Read more
In today’s world of engineering and manufacturing, the demand for lightweight, strong, and durable materials has increased significantly. Whether it’s airplanes, automobiles, or sports equipment, materials that are lightweight yet strong are needed everywhere. Polymer Matrix Composites (PMC) fulfill this need. These include a polymer (a plastic-like substance) as a matrix and fibers or particles … Read more
Metal Matrix Composites (MMC) – Definition, Types, Advantages and Applications In the world of modern engineering, the use of composite materials is increasing everywhere because they are stronger, lighter and more durable than traditional metals. If metal is used as the matrix, then such a composite is called Metal Matrix Composite (MMC). MMC are increasingly … Read more
If you’re familiar with composite materials, you’ve likely heard the term “matrix material.” Composite materials are made from two or more different materials combined to form a new material that is stronger, lighter, and durable. The matrix material acts as the base framework for a composite. It holds the reinforcement in place and protects the … Read more
We encounter heat and temperature in everyday life. Whether it’s a metal plate placed in the sun that heats up quickly, or a wooden table that doesn’t, the difference in their behavior is due to their thermal properties. Every material behaves differently with heat; some heat up quickly and radiate heat (such as copper, aluminum), … Read more